Photoconductive antennas (PCAs) are known as one of common THz sources, can transmit and detect THz pulses in a broadband frequency range whose analysis requires both electronic modeling and electromagnetic modeling. Graphene is a single 2D plane of carbon atoms which have been con?gured in a honeycomb lattice. Graphene is capable of realizing interesting applications at THz frequencies which possesses different dispersion relation in comparison to 3D materials, hence it has different electronc and electromagnetic models. In this research, a small gap graphene-based PCA (GPCA) is investigated under application of high bias fileds . Under these circumstances, non-local phenomena like velocity overshoot phenomenon of photo-excited carriers occur and additionally, some exotic behaviors are observed in the intrinsic parameters related to the used photoconductor which both complicate the charge traort modeling. As a consequence, the conventional drift-diffusion model is no longer valid, so comprehensive models are required to extract the driving photocurrent. Here, energy balance traort model is employed to model the electronics part of the PCA with applying some appropriate modifications. In addition, an electrostatic bias setup is examined for the electrical doping of graphene in order to compute the graphene’s I-V curve which can be utilized to calculate graphene’s quantum capacitance. Moreover, the CV curve of a stack of metal/graphene/dielectric/semiconductor/metal is assessed by considering realistic assumptions. From the electromagnetic point of view, graphene can be regarded as an infinite 2D material which is characterized through its electrical conductivity that is known is a local model. In very slow wave regimes, the local model is less accurate, so here a non-local conductivity model is developed to study surface plasmon polariton propagation in graphene-based waveguides. Through the graphene’s quantum capacitance, a per unit length circuit model is proposed to characterize the spatial dispersion. Then, a low loss and wide band graphene-based waveguide switch is analyzed and designed at 30 THz whose structure is more compact than the metal counterpart. Finally, a parallel plate GPCA is designed via utilizing surface plasmons to miniaturize the GPCA’s structure and additionally, screening effects are investigated in the first picoseconds subsequent to excitation. The number of graphene layers and a single DC voltage source provide two degree of freedoms control strategy for the GPCA working frequency.
