Increasing global population and industrialization in every corners of the earth, makes energy an important issue. At the moment this energy provides from fossil fuels. But resources for fossil fuels are not last for more than few decades ahead. Finding alternative sources of energy seems to be nessesary. Biofuels, knowing that they are renewable and also does not emit extra CO 2 to atmhere, are good choices. Among different biofuels, biogas and ethanol production attractes more attention. In this study bagasse, as an agricultural waste with high annual production, used for biogas and ethanol production. High recalcitrance of lignocelluloses such as sugarcane bagasse makes the pretreatment necessary. Pretreatment increases the accessability of enzymes and microorganisms. Sodium carbonate, sodium sulfite and sodium acetate solutions in concentrations of 0.25 and 0.5 M in 100, 140 and 180 o C was used for pretreatment of sugarcane bagasse. Enzymatic hydrolysis, fermentation with Saccharomyces cerevisiae and anerobic digestion was done on pretreated and raw bagasse. The highest amount of biogas and ethanol were 239 Nml/gVS and 7.29 g/l, respectively, which both obtained from bagasse pretreated with 0.5 M solution of sodium carbonate in 140 o C. While the highest gasoline equivalent (190.2 l/ton raw bagasse) observed for bagasse pretreated with 0.5 M sodium sulfite solution in 140 o C. Pretreatment with sodium acetate didn’t had significant effect on biogas and ethanol production from sugarcane bagasse. FTIR and SEM was used to investigate the morphological and structural changes in pretreated bagasse. Also, two stage anerobic digestion using a membrane bioreactor was applied for produciotn of hydrogen from pretreated bagasse. In the first stage, the goal was production of volatile fatty acids as mch as possible. In the process of volatile fatty acid production 13.2 gr volatile fatty acid was gained per each 20 g pretreated substrate that used. In the second stage in an anerobic membrane bioreactor mixture of volatile acids was used to produce hydrogen. For hydraulic retention time of 10 days between 326 and 360 Nml hydrogen and for hydraulic retention time of 5 days 444 Nml hydrogen produced.
