In order to study the karyotype and meiotic behavior of 23 Iranian Triticum boeoticum accessions and also to determine the relationships between geographical distribution of morphological traits and karyotype characteristics, an experiment was conducted at Cytogenetic Laboratory and Research Farm of the Collage of Agriculture of Tehran University. The accessions were grown in the field and different characters such as leaf and node hairiness, node size, own type, days to 50% shooting, heading and maturity, spike length, own length, upper internode length, peduncle length, plant height, flag leaf length and width, number of spike, glum length and seed length and width were recorded or measured. The results indicated high variation among accessions for morphological traits. Cluster analysis based on metric and binary characters divided the accessions into two groups. The majority of accessions in the first group (including 16 accessions) belonged to cool geographic regions and majority of them in the second group (including 7 accessions) were originated from chilly regions. No chromosomal aberrations were found in meiosis stage of young spiks and chromosomes paired in 7 circular bivalent at metaphase. Karyotyp studies showed that the longest chromati length was belonged to Ardabil accessions (100.306µm), while an accession with unknown origin had the shortest (71.12µm) chromatin. The range of chromosome length in Tritium boeoticum accessions was 1.76µm. The accessions had 2 types of chromosomes(M and m), and categorizing in 7 different karyotypic Ardabil accession with within chromosomal difference index of 0.195 had the most symmetric karyotype and an accession with unknown origin had the most asymmetric karyotype. Based on Stebbins method of Ardabil) had different morphological and karyotypical characters from other accessions belonging to cool region.
