In between defferent method of producting nanofibers, electrospinning has many advantages. This technique can be further developed for mass production of continuous nanofibers from various polymers. In this research the electrospinning apparatus was assembled and was used to prepare polymer nanofibers. The basic setup for electrospinning unit consists of four major components: high voltage power supply, spinneret, pump and collector. Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanofibers with the average diameter of 160 nm to 360 nm were electrospun using of 10 to 15 wt% polyacrylonitrile in dimethylformamide solutions concentration, respectively. Scanning electron Microscopy (SEM) was used to observe and measure diameters of electrospun nanofibers. Average diameters of nanofibers decreased from 385nm to 315 nm with increasing applied voltage from 10 to 20 kV, respectively. But broader distributions in diameters of nanofibers were obtained at 15 kV and above. Morphology of nanofibers was changed by the instability of the liquid surface from which the jet originates to beaded nanofibers. The morphological structure can be changed by changing the feeding rate of solution and tip–target distance. At lower and higher feeding rates, nanofibers with beaded were observed. At 7.5 cm and below tip–target distance, the structures of nanofibers appeared not to be completely stabilized, indicating that the as spun nanofibers were mostly wet when they reached the collecting target. But at 15 cm tip-target distance, the structure of nanofibers was completely dry and stabilized. By increasing voltage from 10kV to 20kV, productivity of electrospun nanofibers was increased up to 600%. But by increasing voltage, broader distribution of the diameters was obtained. At constant 2.5 cm length of syringe needle, by decreasing the diameter of syringe needle from 0.9 mm to 0.5 mm, the critical voltage was decreased from 7.9 kV to 6.3 kV and productivity of electrospun nanofibers was increased up to 70%. At constant 0.7 mm diameter of syringe needle, by increasing the lengths of syringe needle from 1cm to 3.5 cm the critical voltage was decrease from 9.5 kV to 6.5 kV, and productivity of electrospun nanofibers was increased up to 42%. Fibers diameters average and distribution of the diameters did not change significantly by varying the syringe needle and its length. Electrospinning with a collector consisting of two pieces of electrically conductive substrates separated by a gap has been used to prepare PAN nanofibers as uniaxially aligned nanofibers. The electrospinning conditions that gave the best alignment of fibers for 10- 15wt% concentrations were experimentally obtained.