Organic and inorganic pollutants of industrial activities seriously contaminate the environment. Although oil is one of the main ingredients of modern industrial societies, but the extraction, traort and use of petroleum compounds, leads to the unexpected environmental hazards. Thus soil pollution by petroleum hydrocarbons is the recent concerns of human societies, especially in the oil producing countries and many consumers.Soil mechanical impedance is caused mainly by natural processes and by the use of heavy machinery for soil cultivation, soil compaction ha many long term effects on physical, chemical and biological charectristics of the soil. In this study the effect of soil compaction and using P. indica endophyte as an adjuvant agent to increase the efficiency of phytoremediation was studied. Sampling was done from hydrocarbon polluted soil from Bakhtiar Dasht, Isfahan, Iran. Maize was used for phytoremediation. Treatments include soil compaction, soil sterilization and inoculation of the fungus. Planting was carried out in two rounds of one and two months periods.Morphological and psychological characteristics of maize including leaf number, leaf area, chlorophyll content and chlorophyll fluorescence and root length was measured to assess the amount of stress on the plant. Total petroleum Hydrocarbons was determined by shaking method and soil microbial respiration was measured. Soil initial TPHs was 45 g kg -1 . Reduction of total petroleum hydrocarbons in a maximum state was 9.2 g kg -1 which is related to the compacted and non sterile soil treatment in the second cultivation and at the lowest state reduced to 3.5 g kg -1 in the sterile soil in the first cultivation. Compacted soil increases crop yield and phytoremediation. The sterile soil decrease crop yield and phytoremediation of the TPHs The endophyte ( P. indica ) had no significant effects on plant growth and reduction of total petroleum hydrocarbons, but had significant effect on some of the plant physiological parameters.
