Improvement of reproductive performance of dairy cattle in breeding industry is an important goal which is known as the foundation of economic life. Reproductive performance is one of the characteristics that have a significant impact on farm profitability. Poor reproductive performance of cattle can lead to prolonged calving interval, increased involuntary removal, reduced milk production and consequently increasing replacement costs. The objective of this study was to estimate production and reproduction performance trends of Iranian Holstein dairy cattle using 61,559 records from heifers and 159,945 records from parity 1 to 5 of sixty herds collected by Bonyad Mostazafan Center and Isfahan Vahdat Cooperative during 2001 to 2011. The investigated traits were calving interval (CI), open days (OD), days from calving to first insemination (DFS), interval between first and last insemination (IFL), insemination number per service period (INS), duration of dry period (DDP), conception rate (CR), milk yield 305-d (MY) and age at first service (AFS). Since the conception rate in heifers and cows are different and also there are several limitations in reproductive traits, heifers and cows were analyzed separately. Further, there is no production performance in heifers when conception occurs, that’s why the correlation between productive traits and conception rate was analyzed just in cows. The statistical analysis of data was conducted with generalized linear model and regression procedure of SAS software. Mean (± standard errors, SE) of CI, OD, DFS, IFL, INS, DDP, CR were estimated 405.69 ± 78.65, 127.53 ± 63.53, 75.44 ± 27.51, 52.05 ± 63.53, 2.66 ± 1.79, 68.85 ± 28.45, 37.59 ± 32.11, respectively. In heifers the mean ± SE for insemination number per service period, age at first service and conception rate in heifers were 2 ± 1.37, 454.02 ± 37/67, 50 ± 32.03, respectively and 305-d milk yield production was 9584.42 ± 1822.79. The linear regression coefficient of average phenotypic values of cows on calving year provided an estimate of phenotypic trend. The values for reproductive traits cows were 0.6 ± 0.39, 0.4 ± 0.32, -0.72 ± 0.16, 1.19 ± 0.26, 0.06 ± 0.08, -0.1 ± 0.09 days and -1/3 ± 0/16 percentage and in heifers 0.05 ± 0.01, -4.05 ± 0.94 days and -1.86 ± 0.18 percentage and productive trait 211.4 ± 20.45 respectively . The minimum reproductive performance was related to cows that calved in spring. The best reproductive performance was related to cows in second and third lactations. Reproductive performance decreased after lactation number ? 5. The reproductive performance of cows decreased and in the recent years. Fertility traits showed a desirable trend. Reproductive performance in Iranian Holstein dairy herds has generally decreased, whereas milk production has increased over time. These results give an alert to the farmers that more attention to reproductive traits is required. Keywords : Iranian Holstein cows, phenotypic trend, reproduction traits