Most plant breeders are attempting to produce cultivars that have the least decreasein yield in drought conditions. For improvement of complex characters such as yield(that have low heritability), indirect selection is applied by using other characters and asuitable index based on different traits which affect grain yield simultaneously. Thesecharacters should have effective role on yield stability. This study was conducted atResearch Farm of Isfahan University of Technology to evaluate drought tolerancepotential and selection efficiency of 23 F2:4 wheat lines resulted from the cross of twoparental lines, Virmarin (susceptible line) and Sardari (tolerant line). A randomizedcomplete block design with three replications was used in each irrigation treatment (i.e.irrigation after 70±3 and 120±3 mm evaporation from class A pan). These lines wereevaluated in drought stress (S) and non stress (N) conditions in previous year. Thereforefour groups of these lines named NN, NS, SN and SS, each consisted of all 23 lines,were evaluated in this study. The results indicated that there was significant difference(p 1%) among cultivars for all the traits. Under drought conditions, all traits excepttest weight and ratio of peduncle weight and its length were reduced. Therefore theselines reduced their seed number in drought conditions but kept or increased their 1000 -kernel weight. The correlation coefficients revealed that grain yield has positivecorrelation with plant height at maturity, test weight, 1000 - kernel weight, pedunclelength, harvest index, biological yield and number of spike per m2. Correlation amonggrain yield with peduncle weight in drought groups (SS and NS) and with days toheading in all groups was negative. Tolerance and susceptibility indices showedsignificant difference among these lines. Harmonic mean (HM), stress tolerance index(STI) and geometric mean productivity (GMP) had the highest correlations with droughtgroups’ yield. According to the selection and tolerance and susceptibility indices, lines 2and 3 were better for conditions that are the same as previous years and lines 11 and 17were better for conditions that are different from previous years. Also according to theresponse of traits present in selection indices, number of spike per m2 had positive andhighest response in all groups and days to heading had negative response. Thusselection based on these indices resulted in early heading cultivars with high spike perm2 and low number of grain in spike with high 1000 – kernel weight. In this studySmith - Hazel and Brim - Williams indices had high efficiency. Results of response toselection and correlated response indicated that in the same conditions of this study,early heading cultivars with high number of spikes and low number of grain in spikewith high 1000 - kernel weight will have more yield potential.