Today's women's problems particularly gender inequality has noticed by experts in all communities. The aim of this study is to identify the factors contributing to the gender equality of rural women in Ilam province. The study population was 76075 people consist of the women and legal-age girls in this province. Sample size was determined through Cochran's formula (n=260) and data collection was based on multistage cluster sampling and face to face interview by structured questioner. In pre- test stage, the validity and reliability internal consistency of the questionnaire was evaluated by criterion KMO and Cronbach's alpha coefficient. The results showed that 124 and 136 respondents were respectively single and married women. Furthermore, the most effective factors on the women’s gender equality are age, receiving income by cash, and awareness of their rights. In addition, high self- esteem, low level of participation, being employed and the type of spouse’s occupation have an effect on the sense of inequality. Moreover, gender equality is greater in the older girls and those who earn their income in cash and the type of father's job and being in large families with many siblings intensifies the gender gap. Also, the most important factors influencing the sense of gender inequality in girls are age, lack of economic participation and opportunity, father's level of education and age, receiving income in non- cash and no participation in social and cultural activities. Keywords : rural women, gender inequality, sense of gender inequality, Ilam province.