The organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW) is a complex mixture of easily digestible compounds, mainly starchy materials, and hardly digestible compounds, mainly lignocelluloses. Thus, OFMSW has a high potential for biofuel production after the hydrolysis of carbohydrates. In this study, dilute-acid treatment was used for both hydrolysis of starchy materials and the improvement of lignocelluloses fractions prior to the enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocelluloses. The acid treatment was conducted with 0.5 and 1% (w/w) sulfuric acid at 130 and 160 ?C for 0, 30, and 60 min. The treatment with 1% acid at 130 ?C for 60 min resulted in the hydrolysate with the highest glucose concentration of 43.2 g/L, mainly originated from starchy materials, and the subsequent enzymatic hydrolysis of the treated solids resulted in a hydrolysate containing 23.4 g/L glucose, mainly from cellulose. These hydrolysates, containing different sugars and inhibitors, were then subjected to ethanolic fermentation using an inhibitor tolerant strain of zygomycetes fungi, Mucor indicus . Using acid treatment with 1% at 130 ?C for 60 min, without detoxification, the ethanol yield of 44.6 and 44.4 g per 100 g glucose was obtained from hydrolysate and acid treatment liquor, respectively. The liquid remained after the separation of ethanol from fermentation liquor and the residual solid remained after enzymatic hydrolysis were subjected to anaerobic digestion for biogas production. Overall, 194.0 g ethanol and 144.8 L methane were produced from each Kg of dry OFMSW during the consecutive processes. The gasoline equivalent and total energy of produced biofuels were 326.6 mL and 10453 KJ obtained from each Kg of dry OFMSW. The OFMSW was hydrothermally pretreated at 100-160°C for 0-60 min, and then assessed for enzymatic ethanol production followed by biogas production from the stillage. The highest glucose yield of 520 g/Kg of dry OFMSW, corresponding to 131% increase compared to that of untreated OFMSW, was obtained after the pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis. Through ethanolic fermentation by an inhibitory tolerant fungus, Mucor indicus, 191.10 g ethanol/Kg of dry OFMSW was obtained, which was 140.9% improvement in ethanol yield compared to that from the untreated one. Methane production from the stillage (waste residues) resulted in 156 L/Kg OFMSW. In other word, a total of 10774 KJ energy/Kg of dry OFMSW was generated at the best conditions.
