As regards the importance of textile wastewater treatment due to high dye concentration in the wastewater, the effective adsorbent is much needed in the textile industry. The usual adsorbents such as zeolite, activated carbon, nanotube, cellulose membranes and nanoparticles involve disadvantages of difficulty and high cost treatment and also low adsorption capacity. Recently, nanostructured aerogel having the high porosity and surface area good biocompatibility and the ability of surface modification has been interested as the efficient adsorbent. The researches were limited to the aerogel granules and chemical interactions between the absorbent and basic dyes and also, the use of aerogel blanket as the adsorbent of cationic dye has not been reported. In this research, the removal of industrial cationic dyes from wastewater using aerogel blanket prepared by the acrylic fabric was investigated. Silica aerogel powder samples with different structure and physical properties were synthesized via two step sol-gel method using TEOS as the precursor followed by the ambient pressure drying. Then aerogel blanket were prepared by in situ synthesis of aerogel particles on the substrate of acrylic fabric. The surface modification of acrylic fabric by NaOH was investigated to achieve the improved dusting and dye adsorption properties. The physical and chemical properties, pores structure and dye adsorption properties of samples were characterized by the nitrogen adsorption-desorption analysis, FE-SEM images, FTIR spectra, contact angle test and transmission spectrophotometer. The results showed that the hydrophilic silica aerogel samples with different structure which obtained by the synthesis condition control, displayed the porosity of 70 %, specific surface area of 600-900 m 2 /g, mesoporous structure with the average pore size of 6-18 nm. An increase about 2-fold for basic blue 14 dye absorption was observed in the aerogel sample with high pore volume (2.47 cm 3 /g) and large pore size (18 nm) comparing to the xerogel sample with low pore volume (0.66 cm 3 /g) and small pore size (4 nm). The results showed that Surface modification of the acrylic fabric by NaOH in the optimum condition (95 ) reduced the dusting aerogel blanket up to 14.5% compared to unmodified blanket with the dusting of 21/4%. The aerogel coating significantly increased the cationic dye adsorption of acrylic fabric. So the dye adsorption of modified acrylic fabric (4 mg/g) increased to 18.17 mg/g in its aerogel blanket. Increasing the pore volume and average pore size of aerogel particles in the blanket sample from 4 to 18 nm increased the dye absorption about 2-fold. For optimum aerogel blanket, the adsorption efficiency of 80% was obtained for cationic dye at 36 ppm concentration which decreased to 56% at high dye concentration. The adsorption isotherm of Langmuir type was determined for aerogel powder and aerogel blanket. [C sat ] indicated the adsorption capacity of absorbent was almost the same for all samples because of similar chemical structure. R L is near the zero for all samples which demonstrated a strong hydrogen-type interaction in the adsorption process. The pseudo-second order kinetic model showed a correlation coefficient about one with the most accordance with the experimental data. Key word : silica aerogel, aerogel blanket, acrylic fabric, adsorption of cationic dye, dusting