Nowadays, the investigation and industrial plants in the field of biotechnology and environmental conservation have significant importance and the available possibilities in the nature have interest for researchers. The development of vegetable fibers such as jute in composites improve its properties so that FAO chose 2009 as the year of natural fibers. The extraction of natural vegetable fibers form Typha australis leaves have been investigated. Chemical extraction was used as retting , using caustic soda, sodium tripolyphosphate, EDTA, and anthraquinone at 60°-100° C during 30-480 min. The results showed that it is possible to extract fibers from plant leaves. The tenacity of the fibers was about 3.1-3.6 g/den and the fineness 23-33 denier which have a higher tenacity comparing with other natural vegetable fibers such as kenaf, jute, pineapple and coir. The FTIR spectrum of fiber obtained showed its lignocellulosic origins. Van soest methods showed that the fibers contain of 50-60% cellulose, 25-30% lignin, 9-12% hemicelluloses and 5-8% impurities, which the amount of cellulose is higher than coir fibers.