In this study, the treatment of oily wastewater from Isfahan refineries and consequently power generation were obtainedusing a single-chamber microbial fuel cell.Oily wastewaters contain water soluble hydrocarbons like toluene, benzene, phenol, and branched alkanes. These undegradable components are harmful and dangerous for environment. Aerobic and anaerobic biological treatment methods areconventional procedures to solve these problems. A batch single chamber microbial fuel cell with annular anode wasused in this project. Total volume of microbial fuel cell was 90 cm 3 . The annular single chamber microbial fuel cell(ASCMFC) consists of a vertical Plexiglas cylinder with 3 cm long, 7.1 cm internal and 9 cm external diameters. The anode electrode (57 cm ×2 cm) was made of stainless steel mesh (400) as a porous surface with copper and graphite coating to create high electric conductivity. Carbon cloth (3 cm × 11.5 cm) was used for cathode. Carbon- platinum (40%) and nafionsolution (5%) were employed as catalyst and proton exchange membrane. After coating anode with graphite and copper dyes, anode was wrapped around the cathode. The anaerobic sludge (from Isfahan municipal wastewater treatment plant) and agricaltural water were employed as source of microorganisms in the cell. The sludge was feeded 95 days with vitamin and mineral solution and organic oily wastewater, asnutritionsmicroorganisms. The oily wastewater had 6000 mg/L COD which must be decreased to 1290 mg/L to reduce thelag phase in biofilm formation. Based on theopen circuit voltage results, the suitable distance between the anode and the cathode electrodes andpH were obtained to be 0.8 cm and 6.5 - 8.5, respectively. The open circuit voltage wasdetermined to be 767 mV and 572 mV for graphite and copper electrodes, respectively. Furthermore, the maximum power generation of 7.5 W/m 3 at 100 ? resistance and 4 W/m 3 at 200 ? resistance was achieved for graphite and copper electrodes, respectively,while the maximum current in 100? resistance for MFCs was 2.6 mA and 1.54 mA for graphite and copper electrodes,respectively. Microbial fuel cell power generator was characterized based on the polarization behavior and cell potentials. The internal resistances were 100?and 200? for graphite and copper electrodes, respectively. After 72 hours, COD and BOD 5 were reduced91.7% and 90% for graphite and 83.3% and 82.6% for copper. The columbic efficiency was obtained to be 29.71% by graphite electrode. Keywords: Anaerobic sludge, Copper electrode, Farm brook water, Graphite electrode, Oily wastewater, Single chamber microbial fuel cell,