: Using the nanofibers been attracted many attentions in myriad application. Improving mechanical properties of the laminated composites by nanofibers been proposed and extensively investigated. The most important challenges of the nanofibers are Low mechanical properties and thermal stability, and swelling in the liquid and gas areas. Furthermore, the nanofibers are weak in the high applied energy. Incorporating inorganic nanoparticles has been proposed to overcome aforementioned issues due their properties such as specific area and high mechanical properties. In addition, the nanoparticles are able to induce some properties (i.e. antibacterial and catalytic properties) in the nanofibers. In this research, the effect of incorporation unmodified and unmodified SiC nanoparticles and nanorods was studied. Due to inorganic nature of SiC nanoparticles and nanorods, there is no good interaction between organic nanofibers and inorganic nanoparticles leading to poor nanoparticle dispersion. Therefore, the SiC nanoparticles and nanorods were chemically modified to be more compatible with polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanofibers. Afterwards, modified and unmodified SiC nanoparticles and nanorods were added to PAN solutions (in several concentrations) and the nanofibers were prepared via electrospinning technique. In order to confirm the successful chemical modification of the SiC nanoparticles and nanorods Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and X-Ray Diffraction were employed. The morphology of the SiC nanoparticles and nanorods as well as morphology of the nanofibers were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and optical microscopy. In addition, the interaction of the modified and unmodified SiC nanoparticles and nanorods was evaluated by FTIR tests. The tensile tests were carried out to assess the mechanical properties of the prepared nanofibers. The FTIR results confirmed the presence of hydroxyl groups on the surfaces of the modified SiC nanoparticles and nanorods. The TGA results revealed that the amount of hydroxyl groups on the surfaces of the SiC nanoparticles and nanorods was to be 0.65% and 2.2%, respectively. The XRD results showed that the modification process did not changed the crystalline structure of both SiC nanoparticles and nanorods. Morphological investigations of the nanofibers showed that after incorporation 2% of SiC nanoparticles and 3% of nanorods the average diameter of the nanofibers increased to 314 and 308 nanometer due to increasing in viscosity of the solutions. Furthermore, tensile tests of the nanofiber layers revealed that incorporation 2% of SiC nanoparticles and 3% SiC nanorods led to 22% and 84% in tensile strength, respectively. On the other hand, for modified SiC nanoparticles and nanorods, addition of 3% SiC nanoparticles and 4% SiC nanorods led to increase in average diameter of nanofibers up to 378 and 342 nm, respectively which possibly attributed to decrease in solution conductivity due to nanoparticle modification. In addition, evaluation of the tensile properties of the nanofibers layers with modified SiC nanoparticles and nanorods showed that the tensile strength of the nanofibers 188% and 474% improved after incorporation of 3% modified SiC nanoparticles and 4% modified nanorods, respectively. Finally, the statistical analyses confirmed that incorporation of modified SiC nanoparticles and nanorods significantly enhanced the mechanical properties of the nanofiber layers containing modified nanoparticles and nanorods.