Synthesis and application of chiral macromolecules are active research areas. Lately, we have synthesized optically active polymers by different methods. In this project, a series of novel thermally stable polyesters (PE)s and polyamides (PA)s based on chiral amino acid moiety such as S-valine were synthesized and some physical properties of them were investigated. For this purpose at first 5-[3-methyl-2-(1,8-naphthalimidyl)butanoylamino] isophthalic acid 42 was prepared in three steps. This monomer have chiral amino acid moiety and readily can be converted to bioactive polymers. Extensive studies on biodegradable polymers have been performed because the increase in plastic wastes causes serious environmental problems. Aromatic polyesters are thermally stable polymers and exhibit excellent mechanical and electrical properties. However, most PEs encounter processing difficulties due to their high glass transition or melting temperatures coupled with insolubility in most organic solvents. In other to improve their solubility, several approaches have been proposed based on the incorporation of flexible segments in the polymer backbone without sacrificing the heat resistance. PEs are biodegradable polymers that have always been an attraction from the early days of Carothers, so a series of novel PEs were prepared by the reaction of diacid monomer 42 with several aromatic diols via direct polyesterification with TsCl/Py/DMF system as condensing agent. Inherent viscosities of these polymers were in the range of 0.27-0.61 dL/g and it showed good thermal stability. The PEs were characterized using FT-IR, 1 H NMR, UV–vis spectroscopy, fluorimetry and elemental analysis. Despite the exceptional properties of PAs as inertness toward chemicals and high temperatures, their use are encountered with some drawbacks caused by low organosolubility and high softening temperatures. Introduction of bulky pendent groups is a common way for improvements of PAs processability without breaking down of thermal resistances, and the use of chiral pendent groups can lead not only to the formation of optically activity PAs, but also to the polymers with processability enhancements. These upgraded polymers can be applied as chiral stationary phases in HPLC techniques for resolution of racemic mixtures. ionic liquids (IL ) s have attracted a great deal of interest as environmentally benign solvents for polymer synthesis. Traditional solvents are volatile, most of them flammable, toxic, and harmful. Thus, removing organic solvents in polymer synthesis is very important in the drive towards environmentally friendly technologies. In a search for more efficient and at the same time more environmentally green processes chemists have recently turned their interest to the new Key words: optically active polymers, thermally stable polymers, polyesters, polyamides, molten ionic liquid, tetrabutylammonium bromide.