The natural asset of water, source of life and origin of major civilizations of the world in the 21 st century, is known as the cause of many regional conflicts and serious challenges between countries. According to the fiftieth constitution principle, environment protection, in which today and future’s generations should have a growing life, has been regarded as a public duty. Therefore, activities that are involved with pollution and environmental degradation are prohibited. Due to the large volume of produced wastewater, it is necessary to achieve the proper method of sewage disposal. Thus a wastewater treatment method that can be justified in terms of economic efficiency is definitely required. Lead (Pb) metal is one of the most widely used metals in the world with consumption of over 7 million tons per year. Also, about 25,000 tons of cadmium (Cd) is introduced annually into the environment. Forest fires and volcanoes, human activities such as industrial wastes and synthetic phosphate fertilizers are important sources of released Cd. Hence, in this study, the residues of canola (rapeseed) plant, which is abundantly planted in Iran and has not been yet researched as a heavy metal adsorbent, is selected to remove the heavy metals of Pb and Cd from aqueous solutions. Also, a comparison between maximum amount of adsorption of these elements with residues of canola and silty clay soil of Jar area, Isfahan province, Iran, was conducted. Functionality of these materials as an adsorbent, while changing initial concentrations of Pb and Cd, the amount of adsorbent, pollutant's solution pH, and contact time, was investigated. The greatest amount of Pb and Cd adsorption by rapeseed plant residues was 39.8 and 25.21 mg/gr, respectively, for a solution with pH of 5.5 in optimal contact time of 60 minutes. This amount for soil was 21.06 and 15.8 mg/gr, respectively, for a solution with pH of 5 and optimum contact time of 50 minutes. Techniques such as FTIR, SEM, and BET were performed to characterize the adsorbent attribute of the residues of rapeseed. To complete the studies presented on the introduced adsorbent, column adsorption experiments were performed at two stages. This was to check the performance of the adsorbent during multiple courses of entering soluble contaminants, drying column, and consecutive entering of aqueous solutions of Pb and Cd into the column until the adsorbent has been saturated. Results showed that the concentration of Pb outflow at the end of ten times adding two pore volumes of Pb and Cd solution to the columns containing soil and rapeseed was not detectable with atomic adsorption device. Results for columns with continuous inflow indicated that maximum capacity of adsorption of Cd ion, at 50% breakthrough curve, was 9.47 mg/g for a column height of 30 cm of canola residues and input concentration of 15 mg/L. This amount for removing the Pb ions in 50% breakthrough curve was 13.22 mg/g for a column height of 20 cm of canola residues and input concentration of 8 mg/L. The results of this study showed that the soil of Jar region has high capability in adsorbing Pb and Cd heavy elements, and dumping of these elements into the soil will cause soil pollution. Also the crushed residues of canola can remove heavy metal elements such as Pb and Cd from aquatic environments. Keywords: Lead, cadmium, adsorption, batch adsorbent, column experiment