An experimental work is conducted on pool boiling heat transfer of water and alumina based aqueous nanofluids on the upper face of a copper block. Nanofluids with various concentrations are employed and two simple surfaces with some ultrafine structured surfaces are used as the heating surfaces. The structured surfaces were produced using the thermal spray coating method and are various in the viewpoints of material coating (copper or aluminum), type of surface structure (micro or nano) and roughness. The results indicated that CHF in nanofluid boiling on all test surfaces was more than that of the water. Improvement of surface wettability which determined by deduction of static contact angle is the main factor in the increment of CHF. Our results show CHF in boiling of fluids on the machined surface is ~8.5 % higher than CHF on the polished surface. Iin both material coating, mostly CHF is increased in boiling over surfaces with more roughness value. The maximum of CHF enhancement of a fluid by increasing the roughness is about 14% and CHF values of both nanostructured surfaces with the same surface roughness but different in the viewpoint of the material coating are identical. The change trend of HTC by adding nanoparticles in boiling on test surfaces were different. In boiling on machined, copper coated micro and nanostructured surfaces that values of y were more than unit and also, surface roughness were increased by nanofluid boiling, HTCs were improved by more loading of nanoparticles. In about boiling on aluminum as coating material, y is very more than unit but nanofluid boiling decreased the surface roughness and therefore HTC. Though boiling HTC of each fluid on the micro structure surface was bigger than nanostructured surface; but CHF on both surfaces were similar. We conducted a consecutive series of nanofluid boiling on polished and also aluminum coated nanostructured surface. It turns out from the results, alteration of boiling performance continues until about four cycles and after that the boiling performance becomes invariable and nearly similar. The maximum of CHF enhancements in repeated boiling on polished and Al-coated surface were 56 and 42% respectively. The results also showed that the procedure of alterations in the surface roughness and contact angle with enhancement of nanofluid boiling time on the polished surface are asymptotic. Keywords pool boiling, nanofluid, CHF, surface roughness, boiling heat transfer coefficient