Water erosion is the major cause to reduce soil fertility and productivity and the main path for nutrient traort to freshwaters. The discharge of total suspended sediments (TSS) and dissolved nutrients from watersheds into receiving waters can become a serious problem when natural vegetation is replaced by agriculture. TSS is, by weight, the most important aquatic pollutant and also contains large amounts of nutrients and other pollutants, some of which may later be released into the water column of the receiving waters. This study was conducted to investigate land use change and overgrazing effects on soil fertility changes and nutrient losses by surface runoff. Two study areas, Soolijan in chaharmahal province and Sadatabad in Esfahan province, were selected for this study. Land use treatments in Soolijan included 1) moderately degraded pasture (MDP) with 20-25% vegetation cover, 2) highly degraded pasture (HDP) with 5-10% vegetation cover with native species of Astragalus Sp., Anthemis Sp. and Erangium Sp. and 3) rangeland that was cultivated for rainfed winter wheat for 8 years and in two last years cultivated for rainfed lentil, and in Sadatabad included 1) moderately degraded pasture (SMDP) with 25-30% vegetation cover and 2) high degraded pasture (SHDP) with 5-10% vegetation cover and native species of Astragalus Sp. and Daphne Sp. Soil samples were collected from the depth of 0-10 cm to determine organic carbon (OC), total and inorganic nitrogen, total inorganic and organic phosphorus, available phosphorus, and some organic phosphorus fractions. A rainfall simulator ran for 2 hours with intensity of 60±5 mm/hr at 30% slope and runoff samples were collected after 30, 60, 90 and 120 minutes. The results showed that the amounts of OC and total nitrogen significantly (p 0.05) reduced due to cultivation (54.5 and 41%). Also, the amount of OC and N significantly decreased due to overgrazing (37.8 and 27%) in Soolijan and (41.1 and 41%) in Sadatabab watersheds, respectively. Significantly (p 0.05) lower amounts of total organic P were found following cultivation (23.9%) and overgrazing (18.2 and 43.3 %) in Soolijan and Sadatabad, respectively. The largest depletion of labile organic P (72.3%) and moderately labile organic P (24.3%) was observed in rainfed land in Soolijan. Overgrazing led to decrease in labile organic P (42.1 and 64.4%), moderately labile organic P (13.9 and 35.7%) and nonlabile organic P including moderately resistant and resistant organic P (12.9 and 44.4%) in Soolijan and Sadatabad, respectively. Much higher runoff, sediment and nutrient losses were observed under rainfed area, HDP and SHDP than those under MDP and SMDP. Contribution of particulate phosphorus and nitrogen exported from micro plot via surface runoff was increased by decreasing th