Flax ( Linum usitatissimum L.) is a widely adapted oilseed crop with several uses. Depends on the genotype, its oil could be used in different industries or as edible oil. Oil of regular genotype of flax is used in industries as drying oil, because of having a high amount of linolenic acid content ( 50%). However, oil of new mutant genotypes of flax have a very low content of linolenic acid ( 2%) and is similar to sunflower oil in terms of fatty acid composition and can be used as edible oil. In this study, a randomized complete block design with three replications was used to investigate genetic variation for some agronomic traits, seed yield and its components in eight F 2 population of flax produced from hybridization among some genotypes of flax. The parental lines of the crosses were the breeding lines of KH124، KO37 and SE65 selected from Iranian local populations and the Canadian genotypes of McGregor, Flanders and CDC1774. The results showed that there was a high genetic variation among populations for number of days to 50% emergence, days to 50% flowering, complete flowering, maturity, number of branches, number of seeds per capsul and 1000-seed weight. Also, high variation was observed within populations for the other studied traits such as plant high, capsule per plant and seed yield per plant. Genetic coefficients of variation were less or close to the phenotypic coefficients of variation for most of the studied traits, indicating that most of the phenotypic variation for these traits was due to the genetic factors. The highest and lowest coefficient of variation was obtained for seed yield per plant (66.34%) and number of seeds per capsule (16.93%), respectively. Plant high, number of capsules per plant and 1000-seed weigh showed a significant and positive correlation with seed yield per plant, however, seed yield per plot had significant and positive correlation with the number of seed per capsules, 1000-seed weight and seed yield per plant. The result of stepwise regression indicated that the number of capsules per plant, 1000-seed weight and the number of seed per capsules were in order the most important components of seed yield per plant and contributed in 80% of its variation. Based on the results of path analysis, the number of capsules per plant had the most direct and positive effect on seed yield per plant. In conclusion, the existing genetic variation for most of the studied traits including seed yield and its components indicated that selection can be effective to improve these traits and the number of capsules per plant, the number of seed per capsule and 1000-seed weight in order of importance can be used as selection indices to improve the seed yield Key words : Flax, Genetic variation, Heritability, Correlation