Recently, due to the improvement of people’s living standards and need for environmental protection, the demand of biodegradable and eco-friendly fibers is rising worldwide day by day. One of these cases is use of vegetable fibers such as flax, jute and sisal. Vegetable fibers are containing three main groups of chemical compounds namely cellulose, hemicelluloses, and lignin, and some other small quantities of impurities like fats, pectin. When all of impurities such as lignin, hemicelluloses and pectin are removed, the fiber is separated into its individual form. The process of separation and extraction of fibers from non-fibrous tissues and woody part of plant through dissolution and decomposition of pectin, lignin and other impurities is called retting. Leafiran fiber is one of the new fiber obtained from the plant named typha australis. typha australis belongs to the family typhaceae that grows in wetlands. In this work, for extraction of fiber, various concentration of KoH, chelating agent and chemical such as detergent, sodium sulphite, sodium bi-sulphite, in 2, 4, 6 H at 80, 100 and 120 C were used and optimum concentration of KoH was determined. The results showed that tenacity of fiber was 4.2-4.6 gr?den and the fineness 18-25 denier, which have a higher tenacity comparing with other natural vegetable fibers such as kenaf, jute, pineapple and coir. moisture regain of the fiber is 9.5-10.5% which is higher than that of cotton fibers. The FTIR spectrum of such fiber showed its lignocellulosic origins. Van soest method showed that the fibers contain of 55-65% cellulose, 8% lignin, 20-24% hemicelluloses. The density of fibers is (1.15 g.cm-3) which is lower than cotton, jute and flax fibers. Furthermore, lignin component of the fibers can have antibacterial and UV absorber properties. The degree of crystallinity was 58-60%. The fibers obtained, due to alkaline method of extraction had a pale yellow to dark brown hue. Bleaching process gave a good white color to the fibers and white index of fiber arise to 23. The fibers showed good exhaustion (85%). Good characteristics of Typha plant such as self-growing, growing in marsh and swamp and plant weeds etc, show that the leafiran fiber is a good source for produce cellulosic fiber.
