In the first part of this study, Iron (II) Phthalocyanine (FePc) was synthesized by using microwave method and its photocatalytic activity in benzene hydroxylation to phenol was investigated. FePc was characterized by FT-IR, XRD, HR-TEM, XPS, FE-SEM, BET, ICP and UV-Vis. Effective factors on phenol yield such as solvent, reaction time, oxidant to benzene ratio, and amount of the catalyst were studied, separately. The obtained results showed a phenol yield of 15.2% as the only product in the optimized conditions. In the second part, In order to design a highly reusable catalytic system for urea methanolysis, zinc and niobium oxide were coated by porous titanium dioxide to form ZnO/Nb 2 O 5 /TiO 2 . The synthesized nanohybride was characterized by Py-FT-IR, XRD, TEM, XPS, FE-SEM, BET, ICP, CO 2 -TPD techniques. According to the obtained results, dimethyl carbonate yield was reached to 39.1% in the optimized conditions.
